Evaluación de la zeolita como mejorante del suelo agrícola para paliar la calidad del agua de riego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/Sostenibilidad.29693Palabras clave:
sorción, cinética de sorción, agua de riego, delineamiento del compuesto central rotacional, eliminación de cationesResumen
Cada vez los problemas de disponibilidad de agua para riego son más frecuentes, lo que nos lleva hoy en día a utilizar cada vez más fuentes de agua de menor calidad agronómica, como aguas con niveles significativamente altos de sodio o de boro, elementos con un impacto en el desarrollo y la producción de los cultivos. Ante ello, encontrar métodos novedosos para inmovilizar estos compuestos poco deseables en el agua de riego es una de las principales prioridades del sector agrícola mundial. Este estudio se centró en explorar el potencial de la zeolita natural, utilizada habitualmente como mejorador del suelo. La zeolita presentó una favorable capacidad de intercambio catiónico de 1,8 mg/g. Los resultados demostraron una eficiencia significativa en la eliminación de boro, mientras que la eliminación de sodio fue limitada, con episodios ocasionales de desorción. El análisis de superficie de respuesta reveló condiciones óptimas para la eliminación de cada elemento. Además, se estudió la cinética de adsorción y los efectos del pH, destacando su influencia en la sorción de sodio. Un modelo cinético de pseudo-primer orden resultó adecuado para describir la cinética de sorción de este mineral. Estos resultados mejoran la comprensión y realzan la eficacia de la zeolita en la mejora del agua de riego.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Dámaris Núñez Gómez, Alejandro Andy Maciá Vázquez, Pilar Legua Murcia, Vicente Lidón Noguera, Agustín Conesa Martínez, Juan José Martínez Nicolás, Pablo Melgarejo Moreno
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