Cambio climático y acceso al patrimonio fenético alimentario en las principales economías del mundo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/Sostenibilidad.29836Palabras clave:
seguridad alimentaria, patrimonio genético, biodiversidad, Sostenibilidad y soberanía alimentaria, Cambio climáticoResumen
El presente estudio aborda el problema del cambio climático y sus impactos en la seguridad alimentaria y el patrimonio genético alimentario. El aumento de las temperaturas globales, la irregularidad de las precipitaciones y los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos comprometen la producción agrícola, la disponibilidad y la estabilidad alimentaria. Además, la reducción de la variabilidad genética de las plantas amenaza la adaptación de los cultivos a las nuevas condiciones climáticas, afectando directamente la biodiversidad y la seguridad alimentaria mundial. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar cómo las principales economías del mundo gestionan el acceso al patrimonio genético alimentario. La diversidad genética de las especies cultivadas es esencial para la adaptación a los cambios ambientales, ya que a partir de este banco de genes se pueden desarrollar variedades resistentes a las altas temperaturas, las sequías y las plagas. Sin embargo, el cambio climático reduce esta variabilidad, seleccionando solo unas pocas variedades adaptadas al nuevo clima y amenazando a las especies tradicionales y locales. La metodología empleada se basa en la lógica inductiva, utilizando técnicas como el referente y el archivo. La investigación busca presentar un panorama de las políticas implementadas para la protección y conservación del patrimonio genético alimentario por Brasil, China, la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos y Rusia.
Financiación
This study is part of the research developed through the international cooperation research project entitled “PROTAGONISM AND CHALLENGES OF BRAZILIAN CITIES ON CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: construction of adaptation, governance and environmental justice strategies – experiences Brazil, Mozambique, Colombia and Spain”, with external funding through public call 14.2023 – CNPQ – Brazil.Citas
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